Screening for antenatal depression with the edinburgh. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Subscales measuring symptoms of nonspecific depression, anhedonia, and anxiety in the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. To improve the detection of depression in the perinatal period cox, 1986, harris et al. We used the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds to assess depression symptoms in mothers and fathers at 8 weeks and 8 months after the birth of their infants. Screening for depression during pregnancy using the kurdish version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in erbil city. The scale can be used at six to eight weeks after birth or during pregnancy.
Its 10 polytomous items are summated to an overall score ranging from 030, with cut points to identify the likely presence of depression. Of those scoring or more on edinburgh postnatal depression scale, 22 25. Given the peak times for postpartum depression specifically, the edinburgh scale would be appropriately integrated at the 1, 2, 4, and 6month visits. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds pdf file 408 kb links to english resource. The scale, which has been translated into 50 different languages, consists of 10 selfreported questions that are health literacy appropriate and take less than 5. The information in brackets gives the format and file size if known. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. Concern has been raised over the validity of the epds as a single summed scale, with suggestions that it measures two separate aspects, one of depressive feelings, the other of anxiety. Screening for depression with the edinburgh postnatal. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. Two studies examined whether women with nonpsychotic postnatal depression could be recognized and treated within existing services, using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and a randomized, controlled trial of counseling intervention with health visitors. This 10question selfrating scale has been demonstrated to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression.
Jan 09, 2019 postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. A proposal for a new brazilian sixitem version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Validation of the chinese version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. However, across studies the psychometric properties and cutoff scores of the epds have varied considerably. Outcome of a postnatal depression screening programme using. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. This is not intended to provide a diagnosis only trained health professionals should do this. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale nc council of churches. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi background. The sensitivity and specificity of two depression screening instruments, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, were evaluated on a single sample of adults living in the city of pelotas, rs, brazil, and the results have already been published, 14, the objective of the present study. It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression. Therefore, we validated the danish epds against a depression.
Although the reliability and validity of epds in japanese has been confirmed and the prevalence of ppd is found to be about the same as western countries, the factor structure of the japanese version of epds has not been. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale this screening tool is very well researched for both postnatal and prenatal use. The present study established severity cutoff scores for the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds based on a widely used depression symptom severity measure, the beck depression inventory bdi. The pti app administered epds is a 10 question assessment to help identify women with depression during pregnancy, and postpartum postnatal periods. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse scored i. Note that some pdfs can be quite large and may take several minutes to download. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. In doubtful cases it may be useful to repeat the tool after 2 weeks. The epds is a simple 10item selfreport scale which reliably identifies women at high risk. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. Dec 20, 2018 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is widely used in many countries to screen women for depression in the perinatal period.
The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds it has been recommended that healthcare professionals working with the perinatal population use the epds as an integral part of their assessment for depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds consists of 10 questions. For secondary prevention, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been established as a valid screening tool. While this test was specifically designed for women who are pregnant or have just had a baby, it has also been shown to be. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale using. The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which has seen widespread use in epidemiological and clinical studies.
It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period and is useful in identifying symptoms of anxiety. Jun 12, 2006 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a widely used screening tool for postpartum depression ppd. Pdf screening for antenatal depression with the edinburgh.
This 10question selfrating scale has been proven to be an efficient and effective way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual richard pye scottish medical journal 2014 59. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a questionnaire originally developed to assist in identifying possible symptoms of depression in the postnatal period. Click the download button to view the edinburgh postnatal depression scale resource. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. Generating an efficient version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale in an urban obstetrical population. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is most frequently used in the research setting and clinical practice for several reasons.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale august 20, 2018 agency. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale detects but does not distinguish anxiety disorders from depression in mothers of infants. Jan 21, 2017 the sensitivity and specificity of two depression screening instruments, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, were evaluated on a single sample of adults living in the city of pelotas, rs, brazil, and the results have already been published, 14, the objective of the present study. Epds edinburgh postnatal dep scale patient tools family. This is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and validated for use in screening to assist health workers detect perinatal depression, in. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. The epds is a 10item selfreport questionnaire 21 with a score range of 0 to 30 points that was initially developed to screen for depression in women within the first 6 to 8. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for postpartum. Association of maternal and paternal depression in the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale is available in many languages. Factor structure of the japanese version of the edinburgh.
In women with a history of depression, the risk of a postpartum relapse is estimated to be as high as 30% and as high as 50 to 60% in women with a history of postnatal depression pnd 42. Evaluation of the edinburgh post natal depression scale. It is also used as a measure of postnatal depression pnd severity. Anonymous comments or comments that target individuals will not be posted please include your first and last name. The scale indicates how the mother has felt during the previous week. Screening for depression during pregnancy using the. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been. Postnatal depression is poorly identified in the community. The scale, which has been translated into 50 different languages, consists of 10 selfreported questions that are health literacy appropriate and take less than 5 minutes to complete.
Download the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for postpartum depression. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh postnatal. Robby steel, roch cantwell, in companion to psychiatric studies eighth edition, 2010. This is a 10item, assessment tool that is valid and reliable for detecting postpartum depression. The factor structure of the epds seems to differ across. Various epds factor structure models have been proposed in many studies without an unequivocal conclusion.
For a copy in another language call the uic perinatal consultation line at 18005736121. Impact of a high edinburgh postnatal depression scale score. The identification of severity ranges for the edinburgh. The scale will not detect mothers with anxiety neuroses, phobias, or personality disorders. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale mcpap for moms. To download information click on the selected language. The 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a widely used screening tool for depressive symptomatology and has been validated, both as. The epds is a widely used screening tool to identify clinically significant levels of depression in postpartum women traditionally, an epds cutoff score is used to. The incidence of postpartum depression, as reported in literature, affects between 10% and 20% of new mothers and the clinical symptoms usually appear between 8 and 12 weeks after delivery cox et al. Impact of a high edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Patient health questionnaire9 versus edinburgh postnatal.
It contained a polish translation of edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds a 10question scale with each answer scored between 0 and 3 points minimum total score 0, maximum 30, which is. Often called, baby blues, the symptoms can be tearfulness, unhappiness, and include sleep disturbances, low energy, irritability, feelings of guilt, and the inability to enjoy normally. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds free social. A total of 200 patients who had completed the edinburgh postnatal depression scale were seen for assessment. Chinese version of the edinburgh postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely used tool to detect postnatal depression, which can also detect depression during the antenatal period. It also has adequate sensitivity and specificity to identify depressive symptoms in the antenatal period. Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom.
Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. These women, between the eighth and the twelfth week after delivery, were admnistered the epds and diagnosed according the dsmiiir criteria using the mini interview. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. John cox, jeni holden and carol henshaw, perinatal mental health. Sep 23, 2016 the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a widely used screening tool for depressive symptomatology and has been validated, both as an antenatal and postpartum screen for minor. John cox, jeni holden and carol henshaw, perinatal mental. Clinical tools for your practice the postpartum stress. It is recommended you use it twice during your pregnancy and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Epds edinburgh postnatal dep scale patient tools family of apps.